Main Info
Kanheri Caves, Mumbai Overview
Kanheri Caves are one of the best ancient architecture in Mumbai. These rock-cut caves are situated within the premises of Sanjay Gandhi National Park near to the town of Borivali. The caves are known for the paintings and sculptures that are heavily influenced Buddhist and Indian culture. There are 109 entrances to the caves and the carvings and inscriptions in the caves date back to sometime around the 1st and 10th centuries. Situated amidst the lush greenery, the caves can be accessed by a series of steps made of rocks.
The caves are an important source of Buddhist history and since they were built over an extended period of time, the architecture style among the caves differ. The caves that were built during the initial period have a simple design as compared to the newer ones, which are in turn adorned with carvings and inscriptions. However, the only common thing among the caves is the individual stone plinth they are built on. The caves complex also constitutes other interesting establishments such as splendid carved pillars, a common prayer hall, stupas and hand-carved water channels. One of the caves now has been converted into a monastery and is of great religious importance to the Buddhists.
More on Kanheri Caves
History of Kanheri Caves
The construction of Kanheri Caves depicts the time span in history when Buddhism had a stronghold among the ancient people residing in the region. Kanheri word is deduced from a Sanskrit term “Krishnagiri” which means a mountain with a darker shade. It was named so because the area around the caves is comprised of black basaltic stone. The most interesting aspect of this cave is that is built on a single rock bed, unlike other caves in India.
These caves have been of immense religious importance to the Buddhist community since the time they were built. It was an important pilgrimage site and learning centre for the monks that lived between the 1st and 10th centuries.
A massive congregation hall with stupas installed within implies that this region was a focal point for Buddhist settlement during the ancient times. Very soon, it became a prominent institution for worshipping and other religious activities for Buddhists community.
Main attractions near the Kanheri Caves
For the travel and history enthusiasts, Kanheri Caves won’t disappoint you because there are lot many things to explore around this place. There are 34 incomplete Buddhist paintings and a large congregation hall that succinctly depicts the lifestyle and culture of ancient Buddhist monks.
For those looking for an adventure can partake in thrilling activities like trapezing or just simply trekking around the Sanjay Gandhi National Park. You might also spot small waterfalls and narrow streams charting their course through the dense jungle. These water bodies add to the serenity and beauty of the place. It is indeed a perfect place to organize a picnic with your family and friends and to unwind from a stressful day.
Inside the Kanheri Caves
The rock-cut Kaneri Caves are known for their impressive collection of inscriptions and paintings. There are around 51 readable inscriptions and 26 short phrases written in Brahmi and Devanagari. Majority of these caves were used by the Buddhist monks as Viharas, which were, in turn, were built for meditation and study purposes. The viharas are small chambers which also had a small stone bed to sleep on.
The caves which are larger in size were called Chaityagrahas, which were halls used for worship and other religious activities. The rectangular-shaped Chaityagrahas constitutes beautiful stone pillars adorned with intricate carvings and interestingly, no two pillars have same carvings. A long row of 34 pillars divide the Grahas and each has detailed carvings of Lord Buddha and Bodhisattvas. The outer part of the Chaityagraha has a large porch which can be compared to a modern-day verandah.
The carvings and sculptures on the Viharas and the Chaityagrahas represent various aspects of Buddhism. The most attractive part of Kanheri Caves is the Avalokiteshvara, a bodhisattva who was an idol of love and compassion for all. There is also an inscription that points out the auspicious wedding ceremony of Satavahana ruler Vashishtiputra and daughter of Rudradaman I.
Trekking in Kanheri Caves
Trekking might not be on your To-do list while travelling to Mumbai, however, you might want to trek through the verdant landscapes around the Kanheri Caves. A trek to Kanheri Caves is two hours long and the trail is easily navigable by the amateur trekkers. You will get a breathtaking view of the surroundings as you reach the top. The trek route passes through several waterfalls, thickets and mesmerizing landscapes.
If you are lucky, you might also spot a few animals in the forest, but do not tease or get close to them. Near to the caves, you might even spot a few tribal women selling snacks and tea. You can interact with them and learn interesting facts about the caves. Kanheri Trek is indeed one of the best ways to explore the Sanjay Gandhi National Park
Tips for Visiting Kanheri caves
1. The trek route is slightly rough and rocky, therefore, watch your steps to avoid tripping over an uneven surface.
2. Carry enough water bottles and sun protection gear such as sunglasses, hat, sunscreen, etc.
3. Do not litter the place. There are dustbins provided all over the cave complex.
4. Wear comfortable clothes and trekking shoes with a good grip.
How to Reach Kanheri Caves?
Kanheri Caves is located in the northern part of Mumbai. The nearest railway station is Borivali which is well-connected to different railway routes spread across the city. Once you reach the station, you can take an auto-rickshaw or a cab that will drop you right in front of Sanjay Gandhi National Park. Alternatively, if the weather is pleasant, you can take a walk to the park which will hardly take 10-15 minutes. From the park, you can trek to the Kanheri Caves.